Bipolar Disorder
Alternates between depressive symptoms and mania
Bipolar disorder, also known as manic depression, is a psychiatric disorder characterized by extreme mood swings. Individuals with bipolar disorder experience episodes of mania or hypomania and depression which significantly interfere with their daily life.
Mania is an elevated or irritable mood state that is characterized by excessive energy, decreased need for sleep, flight of ideas, racing thoughts, grandiosity, impulsivity, and risk-taking behaviors. Hypomania is a milder form of mania with similar symptoms but does not severely interfere with daily functioning. Depression is characterized by feelings of sadness, hopelessness, guilt, loss of interest, worthlessness, and suicidal ideation.
Bipolar disorder is divided into several subtypes, including bipolar I disorder, bipolar II disorder, cyclothymic disorder, and other specified and unspecified bipolar disorder. Bipolar I disorder is characterized by at least one manic episode, while bipolar II disorder is characterized by at least one hypomanic episode and at least one depressive episode. Cyclothymic disorder is diagnosed when an individual experiences numerous hypomanic and depressive episodes but does not meet the full criteria for bipolar I or II disorders.
The exact causes of bipolar disorder are not yet fully understood, but it is believed to be due to a combination of genetic, environmental, and neurobiological factors. Bipolar disorder is typically treated with a combination of psychotherapy and medication, such as mood stabilizers, antipsychotics, and antidepressants.
It is important for individuals with bipolar disorder to work with mental health professionals to manage their symptoms and to develop a wellness plan that includes healthy lifestyle choices, stress reduction, and regular medical monitoring. With proper treatment and ongoing care, many people with bipolar disorder are able to manage their condition and lead fulfilling lives.
More Answers:
Understanding Double Depression: Symptoms, Causes, and Treatment OptionsUnderstanding Major Depressive Episodes: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment Options
Understanding Major Depressive Disorder: Symptoms, Causes, and Treatment.