Leo X
The pope who issued a decree threatening Martin Luther with excommunication.
Leo X was the Catholic pope from 1513 to 1521. He was born Giovanni de’ Medici in Florence, Italy, on December 11, 1475. He was the son of Lorenzo the Magnificent, a member of the powerful Medici family, which dominated political and cultural life in Florence during the Renaissance period.
After his election as pope in 1513, Leo X focused on developing the arts and sciences, and he is known for his support of the Vatican Library, which was under his patronage. He was also a patron of prominent artists, including Raphael and Michelangelo.
During his time as pope, Leo X faced several challenges in the church. The Protestant Reformation began during his papacy, and he faced criticism from reformers who accused the church of corruption and failing to uphold the teachings of the Bible.
Leo X also faced political challenges, including wars with France and the Holy Roman Empire. He struggled to finance these wars, and to raise funds, he resorted to selling church offices and indulgences, which angered many people.
Overall, Leo X was remembered as a cultured and generous patron of the arts, but he was also criticized for his failure to address the problems facing the church and the rise of Protestantism.
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