Role of DHFR in Humans

What is the function of dihydrofolate reductase in humans?

Dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) is an important enzyme involved in cellular metabolism, particularly in humans. Its primary function is to catalyze the reduction of dihydrofolate (DHF) to tetrahydrofolate (THF), an essential cofactor in several biochemical reactions.

Here are some key functions of DHFR in humans:

1. DNA synthesis: THF is crucial for the synthesis of nucleotides, which are the building blocks of DNA. THF provides one-carbon units that are necessary for the production of deoxythymidine monophosphate (dTMP), a precursor for DNA synthesis. DHFR facilitates the regeneration of THF, ensuring a constant supply of dTMP for DNA replication and cell division.

2. Amino acid metabolism: THF is also involved in the metabolism of several amino acids, including serine, glycine, methionine, and histidine. DHFR helps maintain the necessary levels of THF for these metabolic pathways. For instance, THF is required for the conversion of serine to glycine and for the synthesis of methionine, an essential amino acid.

3. Purine synthesis: Another critical function of DHFR is its involvement in the production of purines, which are fundamental components of DNA and RNA. THF acts as a carrier of carbon atoms during the synthesis of purine nucleotides, such as adenosine and guanosine. DHFR ensures the availability of THF for this process, playing a vital role in purine biosynthesis.

4. Methylation reactions: Methylation reactions involve the transfer of methyl groups, which are crucial for various cellular processes like gene regulation, protein synthesis, and metabolism. THF plays a key role in these reactions by providing the necessary methyl groups. DHFR helps generate THF, which is then utilized in methylation reactions throughout the body.

Overall, the function of DHFR in humans is to maintain an adequate supply of THF, which is essential for DNA synthesis, amino acid metabolism, purine synthesis, and methylation reactions. Without the activity of DHFR, these metabolic processes would be impaired, potentially leading to detrimental effects on cellular function and overall health.

More Answers: